Conversation

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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (October 2007)

For other uses, see Conversation (disambiguation).

"Banter" redirects here. For the Radio 4 panel show see Banter (radio show).

A conversation is communication by two, three, or more people. It is a social skill that is not difficult for most individuals. Conversations are the ideal form of communication in some respects, since they allow people with different views on a topic to learn from each other. A speech, on the other hand, is an oral presentation by one person directed at a group.

For a successful conversation, the partners must achieve a workable balance of contributions. A successful conversation includes mutually interesting connections between the speakers or things that the speakers know. For this to happen, those engaging in conversation must find a topic on which they both can relate to in some sense. Those engaging in conversation naturally tend to relate the other speaker's statements to themselves. They may insert aspects of their lives into their replies, to relate to the other person's opinions or points of conversation.

Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the structure and organization of human interaction, with a more specific focus on conversational interaction.It is also the same thing as talking, which is a way human beings communicate with one another.

[edit] Classification of conversation

[edit] Subject

Most conversations can be divided into four categories according to their major subject content:

Conversations about subjective ideas, which often serve to extend understanding and awareness.

Conversations about objective facts, which may serve to consolidate a widely-held view.

Conversations about other people (usually absent), which may be either critical, competitive, or supportive. This includes gossip.

Conversations about oneself, which sometimes indicate attention-seeking behaviour.

In the real world, few conversations fall exclusively into one category. Nevertheless, the proportional distribution of any given conversation between the categories can offer useful psychological insights into the mind set of the participants.

[edit] Function

Each type of conversation has its own cluster of purposes and expectations attached.

Functional conversation is designed to convey information in order to help achieve an individual or group goal.

Small talk is a type of conversation where the topic is less important than the social purpose of achieving bonding between people or managing personal distance.

Banter is non-serious conversation, usually between friends, which may rely on humour or in-jokes at the expense of those taking part. The purpose of banter may at first appear to be an offensive affront to the other person's face. However, people engaging in such a conversation are often signalling that they are comfortable enough in each others' company to be able to say such things without causing offence. The term banter comes from the German word for bathroom, as that is the only place such benign conversation is appropriate in Germany.^[1] Banter ("O-shaberi" or O-Shabs in Japanese, or "Plagerij" in Dutch) is particularly difficult for those on the autism spectrum, or those with semantic pragmatic disorder.

[edit] Spontaneity

In most conversations, the responses are a spontaneous reaction to what has previously been said. In entertainment talk shows, however, the topics of conversation are often pre-scripted. Talk shows such as William F. Buckley's Firing Line or the Dick Cavett Show can be considered as exercises in conversation.

[edit] Men and women

A study completed in July 2007 by Matthias Mehl of the University of Arizona shows that contrary to popular belief, there is little difference in the number of words used by men and women in conversation.^[2] The study showed that on average each of the sexes uses about 16,000 words per day.

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